Python code coverage for Lib/webbrowser.py

#	count	content
1	n/a	#! /usr/bin/env python3
2	n/a	"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling Web browsers."""
3	n/a	# Maintained by Georg Brandl.
4	n/a
5	n/a	import os
6	n/a	import shlex
7	n/a	import shutil
8	n/a	import sys
9	n/a	import subprocess
10	n/a
11	n/a	__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"]
12	n/a
13	n/a	class Error(Exception):
14	n/a	pass
15	n/a
16	n/a	_browsers = {} # Dictionary of available browser controllers
17	n/a	_tryorder = [] # Preference order of available browsers
18	n/a
19	n/a	def register(name, klass, instance=None, update_tryorder=1):
20	n/a	"""Register a browser connector and, optionally, connection."""
21	n/a	_browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance]
22	n/a	if update_tryorder > 0:
23	n/a	_tryorder.append(name)
24	n/a	elif update_tryorder < 0:
25	n/a	_tryorder.insert(0, name)
26	n/a
27	n/a	def get(using=None):
28	n/a	"""Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment."""
29	n/a	if using is not None:
30	n/a	alternatives = [using]
31	n/a	else:
32	n/a	alternatives = _tryorder
33	n/a	for browser in alternatives:
34	n/a	if '%s' in browser:
35	n/a	# User gave us a command line, split it into name and args
36	n/a	browser = shlex.split(browser)
37	n/a	if browser[-1] == '&':
38	n/a	return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1])
39	n/a	else:
40	n/a	return GenericBrowser(browser)
41	n/a	else:
42	n/a	# User gave us a browser name or path.
43	n/a	try:
44	n/a	command = _browsers[browser.lower()]
45	n/a	except KeyError:
46	n/a	command = _synthesize(browser)
47	n/a	if command[1] is not None:
48	n/a	return command[1]
49	n/a	elif command[0] is not None:
50	n/a	return command[0]()
51	n/a	raise Error("could not locate runnable browser")
52	n/a
53	n/a	# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function.
54	n/a	# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url)
55	n/a	# instead of "from webbrowser import *".
56	n/a
57	n/a	def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
58	n/a	for name in _tryorder:
59	n/a	browser = get(name)
60	n/a	if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
61	n/a	return True
62	n/a	return False
63	n/a
64	n/a	def open_new(url):
65	n/a	return open(url, 1)
66	n/a
67	n/a	def open_new_tab(url):
68	n/a	return open(url, 2)
69	n/a
70	n/a
71	n/a	def _synthesize(browser, update_tryorder=1):
72	n/a	"""Attempt to synthesize a controller base on existing controllers.
73	n/a
74	n/a	This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to
75	n/a	an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general
76	n/a	controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired
77	n/a	browser in this way.
78	n/a
79	n/a	If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no
80	n/a	executable for the requested browser, return [None, None].
81	n/a
82	n/a	"""
83	n/a	cmd = browser.split()[0]
84	n/a	if not shutil.which(cmd):
85	n/a	return [None, None]
86	n/a	name = os.path.basename(cmd)
87	n/a	try:
88	n/a	command = _browsers[name.lower()]
89	n/a	except KeyError:
90	n/a	return [None, None]
91	n/a	# now attempt to clone to fit the new name:
92	n/a	controller = command[1]
93	n/a	if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename:
94	n/a	import copy
95	n/a	controller = copy.copy(controller)
96	n/a	controller.name = browser
97	n/a	controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser)
98	n/a	register(browser, None, controller, update_tryorder)
99	n/a	return [None, controller]
100	n/a	return [None, None]
101	n/a
102	n/a
103	n/a	# General parent classes
104	n/a
105	n/a	class BaseBrowser(object):
106	n/a	"""Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly."""
107	n/a
108	n/a	args = ['%s']
109	n/a
110	n/a	def __init__(self, name=""):
111	n/a	self.name = name
112	n/a	self.basename = name
113	n/a
114	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
115	n/a	raise NotImplementedError
116	n/a
117	n/a	def open_new(self, url):
118	n/a	return self.open(url, 1)
119	n/a
120	n/a	def open_new_tab(self, url):
121	n/a	return self.open(url, 2)
122	n/a
123	n/a
124	n/a	class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser):
125	n/a	"""Class for all browsers started with a command
126	n/a	and without remote functionality."""
127	n/a
128	n/a	def __init__(self, name):
129	n/a	if isinstance(name, str):
130	n/a	self.name = name
131	n/a	self.args = ["%s"]
132	n/a	else:
133	n/a	# name should be a list with arguments
134	n/a	self.name = name[0]
135	n/a	self.args = name[1:]
136	n/a	self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name)
137	n/a
138	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
139	n/a	cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
140	n/a	for arg in self.args]
141	n/a	try:
142	n/a	if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
143	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
144	n/a	else:
145	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True)
146	n/a	return not p.wait()
147	n/a	except OSError:
148	n/a	return False
149	n/a
150	n/a
151	n/a	class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser):
152	n/a	"""Class for all browsers which are to be started in the
153	n/a	background."""
154	n/a
155	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
156	n/a	cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
157	n/a	for arg in self.args]
158	n/a	try:
159	n/a	if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
160	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
161	n/a	else:
162	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True,
163	n/a	start_new_session=True)
164	n/a	return (p.poll() is None)
165	n/a	except OSError:
166	n/a	return False
167	n/a
168	n/a
169	n/a	class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
170	n/a	"""Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality."""
171	n/a
172	n/a	raise_opts = None
173	n/a	background = False
174	n/a	redirect_stdout = True
175	n/a	# In remote_args, %s will be replaced with the requested URL. %action will
176	n/a	# be replaced depending on the value of 'new' passed to open.
177	n/a	# remote_action is used for new=0 (open). If newwin is not None, it is
178	n/a	# used for new=1 (open_new). If newtab is not None, it is used for
179	n/a	# new=3 (open_new_tab). After both substitutions are made, any empty
180	n/a	# strings in the transformed remote_args list will be removed.
181	n/a	remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
182	n/a	remote_action = None
183	n/a	remote_action_newwin = None
184	n/a	remote_action_newtab = None
185	n/a
186	n/a	def _invoke(self, args, remote, autoraise):
187	n/a	raise_opt = []
188	n/a	if remote and self.raise_opts:
189	n/a	# use autoraise argument only for remote invocation
190	n/a	autoraise = int(autoraise)
191	n/a	opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise]
192	n/a	if opt: raise_opt = [opt]
193	n/a
194	n/a	cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args
195	n/a
196	n/a	if remote or self.background:
197	n/a	inout = subprocess.DEVNULL
198	n/a	else:
199	n/a	# for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
200	n/a	inout = None
201	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout,
202	n/a	stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None),
203	n/a	stderr=inout, start_new_session=True)
204	n/a	if remote:
205	n/a	# wait at most five seconds. If the subprocess is not finished, the
206	n/a	# remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance.
207	n/a	try:
208	n/a	rc = p.wait(5)
209	n/a	# if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation
210	n/a	return not rc
211	n/a	except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
212	n/a	return True
213	n/a	elif self.background:
214	n/a	if p.poll() is None:
215	n/a	return True
216	n/a	else:
217	n/a	return False
218	n/a	else:
219	n/a	return not p.wait()
220	n/a
221	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
222	n/a	if new == 0:
223	n/a	action = self.remote_action
224	n/a	elif new == 1:
225	n/a	action = self.remote_action_newwin
226	n/a	elif new == 2:
227	n/a	if self.remote_action_newtab is None:
228	n/a	action = self.remote_action_newwin
229	n/a	else:
230	n/a	action = self.remote_action_newtab
231	n/a	else:
232	n/a	raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
233	n/a	"expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)
234	n/a
235	n/a	args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
236	n/a	for arg in self.remote_args]
237	n/a	args = [arg for arg in args if arg]
238	n/a	success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise)
239	n/a	if not success:
240	n/a	# remote invocation failed, try straight way
241	n/a	args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args]
242	n/a	return self._invoke(args, False, False)
243	n/a	else:
244	n/a	return True
245	n/a
246	n/a
247	n/a	class Mozilla(UnixBrowser):
248	n/a	"""Launcher class for Mozilla browsers."""
249	n/a
250	n/a	remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
251	n/a	remote_action = ""
252	n/a	remote_action_newwin = "-new-window"
253	n/a	remote_action_newtab = "-new-tab"
254	n/a	background = True
255	n/a
256	n/a
257	n/a	class Netscape(UnixBrowser):
258	n/a	"""Launcher class for Netscape browser."""
259	n/a
260	n/a	raise_opts = ["-noraise", "-raise"]
261	n/a	remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
262	n/a	remote_action = ""
263	n/a	remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
264	n/a	remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
265	n/a	background = True
266	n/a
267	n/a
268	n/a	class Galeon(UnixBrowser):
269	n/a	"""Launcher class for Galeon/Epiphany browsers."""
270	n/a
271	n/a	raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
272	n/a	remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
273	n/a	remote_action = "-n"
274	n/a	remote_action_newwin = "-w"
275	n/a	background = True
276	n/a
277	n/a
278	n/a	class Chrome(UnixBrowser):
279	n/a	"Launcher class for Google Chrome browser."
280	n/a
281	n/a	remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
282	n/a	remote_action = ""
283	n/a	remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
284	n/a	remote_action_newtab = ""
285	n/a	background = True
286	n/a
287	n/a	Chromium = Chrome
288	n/a
289	n/a
290	n/a	class Opera(UnixBrowser):
291	n/a	"Launcher class for Opera browser."
292	n/a
293	n/a	raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
294	n/a	remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
295	n/a	remote_action = ""
296	n/a	remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
297	n/a	remote_action_newtab = ",new-page"
298	n/a	background = True
299	n/a
300	n/a
301	n/a	class Elinks(UnixBrowser):
302	n/a	"Launcher class for Elinks browsers."
303	n/a
304	n/a	remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
305	n/a	remote_action = ""
306	n/a	remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
307	n/a	remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
308	n/a	background = False
309	n/a
310	n/a	# elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected -
311	n/a	# it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump
312	n/a	redirect_stdout = False
313	n/a
314	n/a
315	n/a	class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
316	n/a	"""Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror).
317	n/a
318	n/a	See the output of ``kfmclient --commands``
319	n/a	for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface.
320	n/a	"""
321	n/a
322	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
323	n/a	# XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win.
324	n/a	if new == 2:
325	n/a	action = "newTab"
326	n/a	else:
327	n/a	action = "openURL"
328	n/a
329	n/a	devnull = subprocess.DEVNULL
330	n/a
331	n/a	try:
332	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url],
333	n/a	close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
334	n/a	stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
335	n/a	except OSError:
336	n/a	# fall through to next variant
337	n/a	pass
338	n/a	else:
339	n/a	p.wait()
340	n/a	# kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems
341	n/a	return True
342	n/a
343	n/a	try:
344	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url],
345	n/a	close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
346	n/a	stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
347	n/a	start_new_session=True)
348	n/a	except OSError:
349	n/a	# fall through to next variant
350	n/a	pass
351	n/a	else:
352	n/a	if p.poll() is None:
353	n/a	# Should be running now.
354	n/a	return True
355	n/a
356	n/a	try:
357	n/a	p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url],
358	n/a	close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
359	n/a	stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
360	n/a	start_new_session=True)
361	n/a	except OSError:
362	n/a	return False
363	n/a	else:
364	n/a	return (p.poll() is None)
365	n/a
366	n/a
367	n/a	class Grail(BaseBrowser):
368	n/a	# There should be a way to maintain a connection to Grail, but the
369	n/a	# Grail remote control protocol doesn't really allow that at this
370	n/a	# point. It probably never will!
371	n/a	def _find_grail_rc(self):
372	n/a	import glob
373	n/a	import pwd
374	n/a	import socket
375	n/a	import tempfile
376	n/a	tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),
377	n/a	".grail-unix")
378	n/a	user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
379	n/a	filename = os.path.join(tempdir, user + "-*")
380	n/a	maybes = glob.glob(filename)
381	n/a	if not maybes:
382	n/a	return None
383	n/a	s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
384	n/a	for fn in maybes:
385	n/a	# need to PING each one until we find one that's live
386	n/a	try:
387	n/a	s.connect(fn)
388	n/a	except OSError:
389	n/a	# no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail:
390	n/a	try:
391	n/a	os.unlink(fn)
392	n/a	except OSError:
393	n/a	pass
394	n/a	else:
395	n/a	return s
396	n/a
397	n/a	def _remote(self, action):
398	n/a	s = self._find_grail_rc()
399	n/a	if not s:
400	n/a	return 0
401	n/a	s.send(action)
402	n/a	s.close()
403	n/a	return 1
404	n/a
405	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
406	n/a	if new:
407	n/a	ok = self._remote("LOADNEW " + url)
408	n/a	else:
409	n/a	ok = self._remote("LOAD " + url)
410	n/a	return ok
411	n/a
412	n/a
413	n/a	#
414	n/a	# Platform support for Unix
415	n/a	#
416	n/a
417	n/a	# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either
418	n/a	# a console terminal or an X display to run.
419	n/a
420	n/a	def register_X_browsers():
421	n/a
422	n/a	# use xdg-open if around
423	n/a	if shutil.which("xdg-open"):
424	n/a	register("xdg-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("xdg-open"))
425	n/a
426	n/a	# The default GNOME3 browser
427	n/a	if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gvfs-open"):
428	n/a	register("gvfs-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gvfs-open"))
429	n/a
430	n/a	# The default GNOME browser
431	n/a	if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gnome-open"):
432	n/a	register("gnome-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gnome-open"))
433	n/a
434	n/a	# The default KDE browser
435	n/a	if "KDE_FULL_SESSION" in os.environ and shutil.which("kfmclient"):
436	n/a	register("kfmclient", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfmclient"))
437	n/a
438	n/a	if shutil.which("x-www-browser"):
439	n/a	register("x-www-browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("x-www-browser"))
440	n/a
441	n/a	# The Mozilla browsers
442	n/a	for browser in ("firefox", "iceweasel", "iceape", "seamonkey"):
443	n/a	if shutil.which(browser):
444	n/a	register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser))
445	n/a
446	n/a	# The Netscape and old Mozilla browsers
447	n/a	for browser in ("mozilla-firefox",
448	n/a	"mozilla-firebird", "firebird",
449	n/a	"mozilla", "netscape"):
450	n/a	if shutil.which(browser):
451	n/a	register(browser, None, Netscape(browser))
452	n/a
453	n/a	# Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser.
454	n/a	if shutil.which("kfm"):
455	n/a	register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm"))
456	n/a	elif shutil.which("konqueror"):
457	n/a	register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror"))
458	n/a
459	n/a	# Gnome's Galeon and Epiphany
460	n/a	for browser in ("galeon", "epiphany"):
461	n/a	if shutil.which(browser):
462	n/a	register(browser, None, Galeon(browser))
463	n/a
464	n/a	# Skipstone, another Gtk/Mozilla based browser
465	n/a	if shutil.which("skipstone"):
466	n/a	register("skipstone", None, BackgroundBrowser("skipstone"))
467	n/a
468	n/a	# Google Chrome/Chromium browsers
469	n/a	for browser in ("google-chrome", "chrome", "chromium", "chromium-browser"):
470	n/a	if shutil.which(browser):
471	n/a	register(browser, None, Chrome(browser))
472	n/a
473	n/a	# Opera, quite popular
474	n/a	if shutil.which("opera"):
475	n/a	register("opera", None, Opera("opera"))
476	n/a
477	n/a	# Next, Mosaic -- old but still in use.
478	n/a	if shutil.which("mosaic"):
479	n/a	register("mosaic", None, BackgroundBrowser("mosaic"))
480	n/a
481	n/a	# Grail, the Python browser. Does anybody still use it?
482	n/a	if shutil.which("grail"):
483	n/a	register("grail", Grail, None)
484	n/a
485	n/a	# Prefer X browsers if present
486	n/a	if os.environ.get("DISPLAY"):
487	n/a	register_X_browsers()
488	n/a
489	n/a	# Also try console browsers
490	n/a	if os.environ.get("TERM"):
491	n/a	if shutil.which("www-browser"):
492	n/a	register("www-browser", None, GenericBrowser("www-browser"))
493	n/a	# The Links/elinks browsers <http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/>
494	n/a	if shutil.which("links"):
495	n/a	register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links"))
496	n/a	if shutil.which("elinks"):
497	n/a	register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks"))
498	n/a	# The Lynx browser <http://lynx.isc.org/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/>
499	n/a	if shutil.which("lynx"):
500	n/a	register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx"))
501	n/a	# The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/>
502	n/a	if shutil.which("w3m"):
503	n/a	register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m"))
504	n/a
505	n/a	#
506	n/a	# Platform support for Windows
507	n/a	#
508	n/a
509	n/a	if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
510	n/a	class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser):
511	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
512	n/a	try:
513	n/a	os.startfile(url)
514	n/a	except OSError:
515	n/a	# [Error 22] No application is associated with the specified
516	n/a	# file for this operation: '<URL>'
517	n/a	return False
518	n/a	else:
519	n/a	return True
520	n/a
521	n/a	_tryorder = []
522	n/a	_browsers = {}
523	n/a
524	n/a	# First try to use the default Windows browser
525	n/a	register("windows-default", WindowsDefault)
526	n/a
527	n/a	# Detect some common Windows browsers, fallback to IE
528	n/a	iexplore = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES", "C:\\Program Files"),
529	n/a	"Internet Explorer\\IEXPLORE.EXE")
530	n/a	for browser in ("firefox", "firebird", "seamonkey", "mozilla",
531	n/a	"netscape", "opera", iexplore):
532	n/a	if shutil.which(browser):
533	n/a	register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser))
534	n/a
535	n/a	#
536	n/a	# Platform support for MacOS
537	n/a	#
538	n/a
539	n/a	if sys.platform == 'darwin':
540	n/a	# Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr
541	n/a	class MacOSX(BaseBrowser):
542	n/a	"""Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X
543	n/a
544	n/a	Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation. Note that this
545	n/a	will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application
546	n/a	package after installation.
547	n/a
548	n/a	If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the
549	n/a	Internet System Preferences panel, will be used.
550	n/a	"""
551	n/a	def __init__(self, name):
552	n/a	self.name = name
553	n/a
554	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
555	n/a	assert "'" not in url
556	n/a	# hack for local urls
557	n/a	if not ':' in url:
558	n/a	url = 'file:'+url
559	n/a
560	n/a	# new must be 0 or 1
561	n/a	new = int(bool(new))
562	n/a	if self.name == "default":
563	n/a	# User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter
564	n/a	script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
565	n/a	else:
566	n/a	# User called get and chose a browser
567	n/a	if self.name == "OmniWeb":
568	n/a	toWindow = ""
569	n/a	else:
570	n/a	# Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers
571	n/a	# that support it. 0 == new window; -1 == existing
572	n/a	toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1)
573	n/a	cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22')
574	n/a	script = '''tell application "%s"
575	n/a	activate
576	n/a	%s %s
577	n/a	end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow)
578	n/a	# Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command
579	n/a	osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
580	n/a	if osapipe is None:
581	n/a	return False
582	n/a	# Write script to osascript's stdin
583	n/a	osapipe.write(script)
584	n/a	rc = osapipe.close()
585	n/a	return not rc
586	n/a
587	n/a	class MacOSXOSAScript(BaseBrowser):
588	n/a	def __init__(self, name):
589	n/a	self._name = name
590	n/a
591	n/a	def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
592	n/a	if self._name == 'default':
593	n/a	script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
594	n/a	else:
595	n/a	script = '''
596	n/a	tell application "%s"
597	n/a	activate
598	n/a	open location "%s"
599	n/a	end
600	n/a	'''%(self._name, url.replace('"', '%22'))
601	n/a
602	n/a	osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
603	n/a	if osapipe is None:
604	n/a	return False
605	n/a
606	n/a	osapipe.write(script)
607	n/a	rc = osapipe.close()
608	n/a	return not rc
609	n/a
610	n/a
611	n/a	# Don't clear _tryorder or _browsers since OS X can use above Unix support
612	n/a	# (but we prefer using the OS X specific stuff)
613	n/a	register("safari", None, MacOSXOSAScript('safari'), -1)
614	n/a	register("firefox", None, MacOSXOSAScript('firefox'), -1)
615	n/a	register("chrome", None, MacOSXOSAScript('chrome'), -1)
616	n/a	register("MacOSX", None, MacOSXOSAScript('default'), -1)
617	n/a
618	n/a
619	n/a	# OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each
620	n/a	# platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable.
621	n/a	if "BROWSER" in os.environ:
622	n/a	_userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep)
623	n/a	_userchoices.reverse()
624	n/a
625	n/a	# Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register
626	n/a	# and prepend to _tryorder
627	n/a	for cmdline in _userchoices:
628	n/a	if cmdline != '':
629	n/a	cmd = _synthesize(cmdline, -1)
630	n/a	if cmd[1] is None:
631	n/a	register(cmdline, None, GenericBrowser(cmdline), -1)
632	n/a	cmdline = None # to make del work if _userchoices was empty
633	n/a	del cmdline
634	n/a	del _userchoices
635	n/a
636	n/a	# what to do if _tryorder is now empty?
637	n/a
638	n/a
639	n/a	def main():
640	n/a	import getopt
641	n/a	usage = """Usage: %s [-n \| -t] url
642	n/a	-n: open new window
643	n/a	-t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0]
644	n/a	try:
645	n/a	opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd')
646	n/a	except getopt.error as msg:
647	n/a	print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
648	n/a	print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
649	n/a	sys.exit(1)
650	n/a	new_win = 0
651	n/a	for o, a in opts:
652	n/a	if o == '-n': new_win = 1
653	n/a	elif o == '-t': new_win = 2
654	n/a	if len(args) != 1:
655	n/a	print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
656	n/a	sys.exit(1)
657	n/a
658	n/a	url = args[0]
659	n/a	open(url, new_win)
660	n/a
661	n/a	print("\a")
662	n/a
663	n/a	if __name__ == "__main__":
664	n/a	main()